Lok and Kaal
Jain cosmology: the shape of the universe, the heavens, the earth and the narak, the wheel of time, and the four gatis.
લોક: વિશ્વનો આકાર
The Lok: the shape of the universeThe lok stands like a person, 14 rajlok tall, with the narak below, the dweeps in the middle, the devlok above and Siddhashila at the top.
અધો લોક: સાત નરક
Adho Lok: the seven narakThe seven narak bhumis below the madhya lok, from Ratnaprabha to Tamastamahprabha, and what leads a soul there.
મધ્ય લોક: જંબૂદ્વીપ અને અઢી દ્વીપ
Madhya Lok: Jambudweep and Adhai DweepThe rings of dweep and samudra, Jambudweep with Meru at its centre, Bharat and Mahavideh, and the Adhai dweep where humans live.
ઊર્ધ્વ લોક: દેવલોક
Urdhva Lok: the devlokThe 12 devlok, the 9 graiveyak and the 5 anuttar vimans above the madhya lok, with Siddhashila at the top.
કાળચક્ર
Kaalchakra: the wheel of timeAvsarpini and utsarpini, the six ara of each, where the Tirthankars come, and why we are in the fifth ara.
ચાર ગતિ
Char Gati: the four destiniesDev, manushya, tiryanch and narak: where each lives in the lok, why a human birth is precious, and what the swastik means.